This howto demonstrates how to set up static IP traffic between two hosts
connected to an OVS switch without running a seperate controller. This howto
uses custom OpenFlow table rules.

This howto uses the following rspec: [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GENI-NSF/geni-tutorials/master/OVSRyu/openflowovs-all-xen.rspec.xml]


This rspec creates a network with 3 nodes: host1, host2, host3; connected to an OVS switch ovs. The figure below details the connections.

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This howto will establish rules for allowing IP traffic to flow between host1 and host2.

Later in the howto we will discuss how to setup the OVS switch to allow
for host3 to observe the traffic between host1 and host2 using the Mirror feature of the OVS switch.
This could be used for network monitoring setups.

== Setting up the static IP traffic ==
=== Configure OVS Switch ===
 i. Login to the OVS host
 ii. Create an Ethernet bridge that will act as our software switch: 
{{{
sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br0
}}} 
 iii. Prepare the interfaces to be added as ports to the OVS switch
   * Your OVS bridge will be a Layer 2 switch and your ports do not need IP addresses. Before we remove them let's keep some information
     * Run  {{{ ifconfig }}} 
     * Write down the interface names that correspond to the connections to your hosts. The correspondence is
       * Interface with IP ''10.10.1.1'' to host1  - ethX
       * Interface with IP ''10.10.1.2'' to host2 - ethY
       *  Interface with IP ''10.10.1.3'' to host3 - ethZ
    * Remove the IP from your data interfaces. [[BR]]
     [[Image(GENIExperimenter/Tutorials/Graphics:warning-icon-hi.png, 2%)]]  Be careful '''not to bring down eth0'''. This is the control interface, if you bring that interface down you ''' won't be able to login''' to your host. For all interfaces other than `eth0` and ` l0` (your interface names may vary) run : 
    {{{
sudo ifconfig ethX 0  
sudo ifconfig ethY 0 
sudo ifconfig ethZ 0 
  }}}
 iv. Add all the data interfaces to your switch (bridge). [[BR]]
  [[Image(GENIExperimenter/Tutorials/Graphics:warning-icon-hi.png, 2%)]]  Be careful ''' not to add interface eth0'''. This is the control interface. The other three interfaces are your data interfaces. (Use the same interfaces as you used in the previous step.)
 {{{
 sudo  ovs-vsctl add-port br0 ethX 
 sudo  ovs-vsctl add-port br0 ethY 
 sudo  ovs-vsctl add-port br0 ethZ 
}}}
 v. Verify the three ports configured run:
  {{{
sudo ovs-vsctl list-ports br0
}}}
 vi. We want our switch to act without a seperate controller thus setting it to operate as standalone.
  {{{
sudo ovs-vsctl set-fail-mode br0 standalone
}}}
 vii. Trust but verify. You can verify your OVS settings by issuing the following:
  {{{
sudo ovs-vsctl show
}}}
=== Testing the connectivity between host1, host2 and host3 ===

Initially the OVS switch is setup to act like an L2 learning switch. We want to disable this behavior
except for specific IP addresses
{{{
sudo ovs-ofctl del-flows br0
}}}
From host1
{{{
ping -c 10  host2
}}}
From host2
{{{
ping -c 10 host1
}}}
From host3
{{{
ping -c 10 host2
}}}
Each of these should be unreachable.


== Setting up the static IP flows ==

With the switch set up we can now setup routing between host1 and host2

First we will add rules to allow the OVS switch to behave like a normal switch for IP traffic between
the two hosts
{{{
sudo ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 priority=500,ip,nw_src=10.10.1.1,nw_dst=10.10.1.2,actions=normal
sudo ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 priority=500,ip,nw_src=10.10.1.2,nw_dst=10.10.1.1,actions=normal
}}}
ARP traffic will also need to be able to flow in order for the routes to each host to be learned.
{{{
sudo ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 "priority=500,arp,nw_dst=10.10.1.1 actions=normal"
sudo ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 "priority=500,arp,nw_dst=10.10.1.2 actions=normal"
}}}
The connectivity can then be tested with:

From host1
{{{
ping -c 10 host2
}}}
From host2
{{{
ping -c 10 host1
}}}
From host3
{{{
ping -c 10 host2
}}}
Pings between host1 and host2 should succeed whereas pings from host3 will fail.


== Setting up mirroring of traffic from host1 and host2 to host3 ==

This is done with a single command to ovs-vsctl. It can be done
independent of the previous steps if only mirroring is of interest
to the user.
{{{
ovs-vsctl -- set Bridge br0 mirrors=@m \
              -- --id=@ethX get Port ethX \
              -- --id=@ethY get Port ethY \
              -- --id=@ethZ get Port ethZ \
              -- --id=@m create Mirror name=mymirror select-dst-port=@ethX,@ethY select-src-port=@ethX,@ethY output-port=@ethZ
}}}
Where ethX and ethY are the names of the interfaces connected to host1 and host2 on the OVS node.
ethZ is the interface on the OVS node that connects to host3

=== Verifying mirroring behavior ===

To observe the mirroring behavior 3 terminal windows will need 
to be opened.

In one terminal ssh into host1 and execute
{{{
nc -ul 24565
}}}
In one terminal ssh into host2 and execute
{{{
nc -u host1 24565
}}}

In one terminal ssh into host3 and execute
{{{
sudo tcpdump -i eth1 -vv -X
}}}
In the terminal with host2 type a message and hit return
{{{
A message
}}}
Observe that the message is received on host1. On host3 the packet was also
received and we can observe the message "A message" inside of the packet.