Changes between Version 1 and Version 2 of GENIExperimenter/Tutorials/NSDI13/IntroToOmni/Finish


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Timestamp:
03/12/13 03:20:08 (11 years ago)
Author:
nriga@bbn.com
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  • GENIExperimenter/Tutorials/NSDI13/IntroToOmni/Finish

    v1 v2  
    1 [[PageOutline]]
    21
    3 = Prework =
    4 In this tutorial we are going to run a simple experiment in GENI, using the
    5 [http://trac.gpolab.bbn.com/gcf/wiki/Omni Omni command line tool]. We are going to take advantage of the Layer 2
    6 links between nodes and run a non-IP experiment.
    7 
    8 This is the topology of our experiment:
    9 
    10 Before we start with the Omni tutorial, please follow these steps:
    11   i. Login to the VM
    12   i. Run Firefox
    13   i. Open all bookmarks under the Intro to Omni bookmark folder
    14   i. Open a terminal window
    15 
    16 = 1. Configure Omni =
    17 Omni is a tool that will help you reserve resources in GENI, using your GENI
    18 account. The first step is to load into Omni your account information.
    19 Omni uses a configuration file, and there is a script that will automatically generate the file with
    20 some default options and place it in the default place of `~/.gcf/`. Follow
    21 these steps:
    22  i. In the web browser login to `www.pgeni.gpolab.bbn.com` using the information
    23  in the paper slip
    24  i. On the menu on the left, press `Download your cert`
    25   [[Image(Tutorials/Graphics:download_cert.png)]]
    26  i. Select the option about downloading as a pem file.
    27  i. Press '''`Ctrl-s`''' to save this page. Type `~/.ssl/geni_cert.pem`, if file already exists replace it.
    28   [[Image(Tutorials/Graphics:save_cert.png, 40%)]]
    29  i. In the terminal type:
    30   {{{
    31 omni-configure.py
    32 }}}
    33   This should configure your Omni, with your downloaded certificate and create an ssh key pair for logging in to nodes.
    34  
    35   '''Tip:''' When prompted for a passphrase, type the passphrase in your slip. You might be asked for a passphrase multiple times. '''Note:''' If you have taken other tutorials, you might have configured omni with other accounts, select to overwrite existing setting if asked.
    36  
    37   The output should look like:
    38   {{{
    39 geni@geni-vm:~$ omni-configure.py
    40 {'framework': 'pg', 'configfile': '~/.gcf/omni_config', 'plkey': '~/.ssh/geni_pl_key', 'cert': '~/.ssl/geni_cert', 'verbose': False}
    41 INFO:omniconfig:Using configfile: /home/geni/.gcf/omni_config
    42 INFO:omniconfig:Using certfile /home/geni/.ssl/geni_cert.pem
    43 INFO:omniconfig:
    44 
    45         CREATING SSH KEYPAIR
    46 INFO:omniconfig:Private key stored at: /home/geni/.ssh/geni_key
    47 Enter passphrase:
    48 INFO:omniconfig:Public key stored at: /home/geni/.ssh/geni_key.pub
    49 INFO:omniconfig:Added to /home/geni/.ssh/config this line:
    50         'IdentityFile /home/geni/.ssh/geni_key
    51 '
    52 INFO:omniconfig:Wrote omni configuration file at: /home/geni/.gcf/omni_config
    53 }}}
    54 
    55 == 1a. Look around the omni_config file -- Optional ==
    56 Open the file `~/.gcf/omni_config` using either vim or emacs. Close to the top of the file you will see two parameters called `default_cf` and `users`. Your username should be at least listed in the user section. Look for the sections in the file that are named `[pg]` and  `[<username>]`.
    57 
    58 In the `[<username>]` section, the information need for logging-in to reserved compute resources are provided. It includes your unique user URN and a public key that would be uploaded to the hosts that you reserve.
    59 
    60 In the `[pg]` section you configure Omni to use your personal information. The cert and the key attribute point to files that we have manually downloaded from pgeni.gpolab.bbn.com. This is equivalent to the Download action of Flack.
    61 
    62 Another interesting section to look at is the `[aggregate-nicknames]` sections. Flack already knows the URL for all the AMs and present you a list of AMs to choose from using a short, descriptive name. In Omni a user is required to pass the URL for each call to the GENI AM API. In this section the user gets a chance to provide short descriptive names to the URLs that are easier to memorize and use.
    63 
    64 = 2. Clear the passphrase from your cert =
    65 When Omni talks to different authorities in GENI, it will need to identify you
    66 as a valid GENI user, so it will ask you for your passphrase multiple times.
    67 To save time during the tutorial, we are going to remove the passphrase from your cert and your ssh key. There is a script to clear the passphrases.
    68   i. In the terminal run
    69   {{{
    70 clear-passphrases.py
    71 }}}
    72   Use the passphrase given to you in the paper slip, you might be prompted for a passphrase multiple times make sure you always use the same passphrase.
    73   The output should look like
    74   {{{
    75 geni@geni-vm:~$ clear-passphrases.py
    76 Do you want to remove the passphrase from your cert (/home/geni/.ssl/geni_cert.pem) [Y,n]?y
    77 INFO:clearcert:
    78         THIS SCRIPT WILL REPLACE /home/geni/.ssl/geni_cert.pem WITH AN UNENCREPTED CERT. A BACKUP OF THE ORIGINAL CERT WILL BE CREATED
    79 
    80 INFO:clearcert:The encoded certificate file is backed up at /home/geni/.ssl/geni_cert_enc.pem
    81 INFO:clearcert:Removing passphrase from cert...
    82 Enter pass phrase for /home/geni/.ssl/geni_cert.pem:
    83 writing RSA key
    84 INFO:clearcert:Change permissions of /home/geni/.ssl/geni_cert.pem to 0600
    85 Do you want to remove the passphrase from you ssh-key (/home/geni/.ssh/geni_key, key used to login to compute resources) [Y,n]?y
    86 INFO:clearcert:
    87         THIS SCRIPT WILL REMOVE THE PASSPHRASE FROM YOUR SSH KEY. NO COPY OF THE ORIGINAL PRIVATE KEY WILL BE KEPT
    88 Enter PEM pass phrase:
    89 Enter passphrase:
    90 geni@geni-vm:~$
    91 }}}
    92   i. Add the key to the ssh agent
    93   {{{
    94   ssh-add ~/.ssh/geni_key
    95   }}}
    96   i. Verify that you have the necessary credential and key files
    97      {{{
    98      ls ~/.ssh ~/.ssl
    99      }}}
    100      The output looks like :
    101      {{{
    102 geni@geni-vm:~$ ls ~/.ssh ~/.ssl
    103 /home/geni/.ssh:
    104 config  geni_key  geni_key.pub
    105 
    106 /home/geni/.ssl:
    107 geni_cert_enc.pem  geni_cert.pem
    108      }}}
    109 
    110    || geni_cert.pem || Cleartext certificate, i.e. does not require any passphrase ||
    111    || geni_cert_enc.pem || Encrypted certificate  ||
    112    || geni_key || The private key that you will use to login to the nodes ||
    113    || geni_key.pub || The corresponding public key that will be uploaded to the nodes ||
    114 
    115   '''Note''': You might see more files than the ones listed above, which are
    116   probably backup files from configuring omni, or files from other tutorials.
    117 
    118 == 3. Test Omni setup ==
    119 In order to test that our configuration is correct, you can issue a `getversion`
    120 command. For this step we have used !PlanetLab's AM, but you can use any
    121 Aggregate Manager(AM).
    122   i. In the terminal type:
    123   {{{
    124 omni.py getversion -a plc
    125 }}}
    126   In GENI each AM can be contacted using a specific URL. In order to make it
    127   easier to talk to AMs, Omni uses nicknames; i.e. it maps each URL into an easy
    128   to remember nickname. For example the PlanetLab AM listens for requests at
    129   `http://www.planet-lab.org:12346`, however you can use the nickname `plc` to
    130   refer to that URL. Nicknames are defined in each user's omni_config file.
    131 
    132   For the rest of the tutorial we are going to use aggregate nicknames.
    133 
    134 = 4. Create an experiment using Omni =
    135 In this step we are going to setup a sample GENI experiment, in order to
    136 get familiarized with most of the Omni commands.
    137 
    138 == 4a. Create and renew a slice ==
    139 The first thing to do when preparing to run a GENI experiment is to create a
    140 slice.
    141   i. To create a slice type, use the `<slicename>` given in your paper slip:
    142   {{{
    143   omni.py createslice <slicename>
    144   }}}
    145   ii. To verify that your slice has been created and in general to keep track of
    146   your slices, use the `listmyslices` command. use the <username> given in your
    147   paper slip. Type:
    148   {{{
    149   omni.py listmyslices <username>
    150   }}}
    151   iii. Renew your slice. To extend the lifetime of your slice type:
    152   {{{
    153   omni.py renewslice <slicename> 20121025
    154   }}}
    155 
    156 == 4b. Reserve resources, a.k.a create a sliver ==
    157 The next step in a GENI experiment is to actually reserve resources. For this
    158 experiment we are going to use the Aggregate manager of ProtoGENI in Utah.
    159   i. In Omni in order to see what each AM offers you can use the
    160   `listresources` command. Type:
    161    {{{
    162  omni.py listresources -a pg-utah -o
    163 }}}
    164   The `-o` option will save the output to a file. The filename is chosen by Omni and printed as part of the output. The output will look like :
    165   {{{
    166 geni@geni-VirtualBox:~$ omni.py listresources -a pg-utah -o
    167 INFO:omni:Loading config file /home/geni/.gcf/omni_config
    168 INFO:omni:Using control framework pg
    169 INFO:omni:Saving output to a file.
    170 INFO:omni:Substituting AM nickname pg-utah with URL https://www.emulab.net:12369/protogeni/xmlrpc/am/2.0, URN unspecified_AM_URN
    171 INFO:omni:Listed resources on 1 out of 1 possible aggregates.
    172 INFO:omni:Writing to 'rspec-www-emulab-net-protogeniv2.xml'
    173 INFO:omni: ------------------------------------------------------------
    174 INFO:omni: Completed listresources:
    175 
    176   Options as run:
    177                 aggregate: ['pg-utah']
    178                 framework: pg
    179                 output: True
    180 
    181   Args: listresources
    182 
    183   Result Summary: Queried resources from 1 of 1 aggregate(s).
    184 Wrote rspecs from 1 aggregate(s) to 1 file(s)
    185 Saved listresources RSpec at 'unspecified_AM_URN' (url 'https://www.emulab.net:12369/protogeni/xmlrpc/am/2.0') to file rspec-www-emulab-net-protogeniv2.xml; 
    186 INFO:omni: ============================================================
    187 }}}
    188   In the last line of the output Omni will tell you the name of the file that output is saved at. In the example above this would be `rspec-www-emulab-net-protogeniv2.xml`. Open the file that Omni saved and just take a look to see how an advertisement RSpec looks like.
    189   In order to see only available resources type
    190   {{{
    191   omni.py listresources -a pg-utah --available -o
    192   }}}
    193   i. To be able to reserve resources you will need to craft a request rspec.
    194   For this example we have created the rspecs for you, use the rspec URL given
    195   in your paper slip. Type :
    196   {{{
    197   omni.py createsliver -a pg-utah <slicename> <rspec_url>
    198   }}}
    199   For example
    200   {{{
    201   omni.py createsliver -a pg-utah iomni30 http://www.gpolab.bbn.com/experiment-support/gec15/omni-intro/rspecs/iomni-30.rspec
    202   }}}
    203   '''Tip:''' If you are copying the above line make sure to substitute the slicename and the actual rspec name with the ones that are specified in your paper slip.
    204   i. Look at your reserved resources. Type:
    205   {{{
    206   omni.py listresources -a pg-utah <slicename>
    207   }}}
    208   i. Extend the lifetime of your sliver:
    209   {{{
    210 omni.py renewsliver -a pg-utah <slicename> 20121025
    211   }}}
    212   i. Check the status of your resources. Type:
    213   {{{
    214   omni.py sliverstatus -a pg-utah <slicename>
    215   }}}
    216   The `sliverstatus` command reports the status of your overall GENI slice. When
    217   the status is ready we are ready to continue to the next step.
    218 
    219 = 5. Run your experiment =
    220 Now that resources are ready we can start running our experiment. We will first
    221 start by logging in to our reserved nodes.
    222 
    223 == 5a. Logging Into the nodes -- Omni Scripting ==
    224 Depending on the Aggregate the login information are either part of the
    225 `sliverstatus` call, or as part of the manifest rspec, i.e. returned from the
    226 `listresources` call. Omni comes with a script that makes it easy to gather all
    227 this information.
    228   i. In the terminal run:
    229   {{{
    230 readyToLogin.py -a pg-utah <slicename>
    231 }}}
    232   The script will return the actual command that you would need to use for logging in.
    233   ii. Login to both nodes by copy-paste the commands from the output of the
    234   script.
    235 
    236   [[Image(Tutorials/Graphics:readytologin_output.png, 40%)]]
    237 
    238 == 5b. Send IP traffic ==
    239 The first simple experiment that we will run is to verify the IP connectivity
    240 between our hosts.
    241   i. Check the interfaces of your nodes. In the terminal type:
    242   {{{
    243    /sbin/ifconfig
    244   }}}
    245   You should see at least two interfaces:
    246     * The '''control interface'''. This is the interface from where you access
    247     the node, e.g. ssh into your host. The control interface is mainly used for
    248     control traffic, i.e. traffic for controlling the node and the experiment.
    249     The control interface usually has a publicly routable IP.
    250     * The '''data interface'''. This is the interface that is used for sending
    251     experimental traffic. This is the interface that connects to the other hosts
    252     of your experiment through GENI. The links between these interfaces are the
    253     ones that allow you to run non-IP experiments.
    254   i. Note the name and the MAC address of the control and of the data interface for each node. The data interface is the one that has an IP that starts with 10.
    255   i. From the client ping the server. From the xterm that is logged in to the
    256   client type :
    257   {{{
    258     ping server -c 5
    259   }}}
    260   '''Note''': You can use the name that is assigned to the host to directly ping
    261   the host, you can also ping using the IP of the data interface of the node.
    262   An example output should look like :
    263   {{{
    264 [[inki@r2 ~]$ ping server -c 5
    265 PING 10.10.2.1 (10.10.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
    266 64 bytes from 10.10.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.95 ms
    267 64 bytes from 10.10.2.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=2.27 ms
    268 64 bytes from 10.10.2.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=2.04 ms
    269 64 bytes from 10.10.2.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.95 ms
    270 64 bytes from 10.10.2.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.72 ms
    271 
    272 --- 10.10.2.1 ping statistics ---
    273 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4005ms
    274 rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.728/1.992/2.278/0.179 ms
    275 }}}
    276 
    277 == 5c. Send non-IP traffic ==
    278 GENI provides the capability of running non-IP experiments, since you can
    279 connect your hosts at Layer 2. For the purpose of this tutorial we have
    280 installed in all the hosts a very simple Layer 2 ping program that sends packets
    281 using a custom ethernet type.
    282   i. Disable the IP in your nodes. First of all we are going to completely
    283   disable IP on our nodes. In each of the terminals type:
    284   {{{
    285   sudo /sbin/ifconfig <data i/f name> 0.0.0.0
    286   }}}
    287   '''Note''': Be extra careful to bring down the IP on the data interface,
    288   bringing down the IP on the control interface means that you will lose
    289   connectivity to your host.
    290   ii. Try again to ping from the client to the server. In the xterm of the
    291   client type:
    292   {{{
    293   ping server -c 5
    294   }}}
    295   This time the ping should timeout.
    296   iii. Start the Layer 2 ping server: In the server xterm, type:
    297   {{{
    298   sudo /usr/local/bin/pingPlusListener 12345
    299   }}}
    300   iii. From the client try to ping the server at layer 2. You will need the mac
    301   address of the data interface of the server and the name of the data interface
    302   of the client. In the xterm of the client, type:
    303   {{{
    304   sudo /usr/local/bin/pingPlus <server data mac addr> <client data i/f name> 12345
    305   }}}
    306 
    307   The result should look like :
    308   {{{
    309 [uncusr20@client ~]$ sudo /usr/local/bin/pingPlus 02:00:9B:48:3E:20 mv1.1 12345
    310 RQ:'5582+2067' to 2:0:9b:48:3e:20.
    311 RQ:5582+2067 from 2:0:3e:15:6c:ab.
    312 }}}
    313 
    314 Congratulations you have run a Layer 2 experiment in GENI!
    315 
    316 = 6. Cleanup resources =
     2=  Cleanup resources =
    3173Although all your reservations, have expiration times, you should always release
    3184your resources once you have completed your experiment to make them available
    3195to other experimenters.
     6  i. Logout from your hosts.
    3207  i. In the terminal, where you have been running your omni commands do:
    3218  {{{
     
    32310}}}
    32411
    325 = 7. Wrap up =
    326 Congratulations, you have finished the tutorial! Now you are ready to design and
    327 run your own experiments. Don't hesitate to [mailto:help@geni.net email us] with
    328 any questions you might have.
    329 
    330 == 7a. Fill out the tutorial survey ==
    331 We love to hear what you think so that we can improve the tutorials in the future.
    332 Please complete the [http://tinyurl.com/8kxm6ys online survey] and get a temporary GENI tatoo!
    333 
    334 == 7b. Get Your Own Account ==
    335 The accounts, that you used in the above steps will be deactivated after the
    336 tutorial. If you do not already have an account at GPO's ProtoGENI cluster, you
    337 should can follow [wiki:GEC15Agenda/ExperimenterDropIn/GetAGENIAccount these instructions]
    338 to get an account and start using GENI.