Changes between Version 2 and Version 3 of GENIEducation/SampleAssignments/TcpAssignment/onepage

Timestamp:

08/09/13 12:59:17 (11 years ago)

Author:

epittore@bbn.com

Comment:

--

GENIEducation/SampleAssignments/TcpAssignment/onepage

@@ -30 +30 @@
 }}}
 
-= Set Up =
+== Set Up ==
 
 If you are using Portal, create a sliver with the {{{tcp-openvz}}} rspec on InstaGENI. For ExoGENI, download the rspec [http://www.gpolab.bbn.com/experiment-support/TCPExampleExperiment/tcp-pc.rspec here] and specify {{{-a eg-gpo}}} in {{{omni}}} to specify which aggregate manager to use.
@@ -54 +54 @@
 In this case, simply open ''~/.ssh/known_hosts'' and remove the line corresponding to the IP address you are trying to login. In our case here, find ''192.1.242.65'' and remove that line. [[BR]]
 '''Note that the nodes are ready to login does not mean the interfaces are up and well configured. Users may need to wait for up to 5 minutes after nodes are up. '''
+
+== Experiment ==
+
+Now that we have reserved the nodes. Let's log on to each nodes and do experiment. [[BR]]
+You can find the nodes you reserved from the output of "createsliver" in omni. [[BR]]
+Or you can use "readyToLogin.py" to show the topology as well as the log in commands. [[BR]]
+Or, if you are a GENI Portal user, use the "details" button to check details of your slice. [[BR]]
+
+ '''Useful commands:''' [[BR]]
+ Change the use of congestion control algorithm: 
+{{{
+echo reno | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control
+echo cubic | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control
+}}}
+ Change the delay/loss of a particular interface: 
+{{{
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc add dev eth1 root handle 1:0 netem delay 200ms loss 5%
+}}}
+ Restore network delay/loss on nic card: 
+{{{
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc del dev eth1 root
+}}}
+
+'''It is a little bit tricky to configure delay/loss on a virtual machine'''[[BR]]
+Step 1: find our qdisc family number by executing "sudo /sbin/tc qdisc", a sample output could be like the following: 
+{{{
+[shufeng@center ~]$ sudo /sbin/tc qdisc
+qdisc htb 270: dev mv6.47 root refcnt 2 r2q 10 default 1 direct_packets_stat 0
+qdisc netem 260: dev mv6.47 parent 270:1 limit 1000
+qdisc htb 150: dev mv6.41 root refcnt 2 r2q 10 default 1 direct_packets_stat 0
+qdisc netem 140: dev mv6.41 parent 150:1 limit 1000
+qdisc htb 190: dev mv6.43 root refcnt 2 r2q 10 default 1 direct_packets_stat 0
+qdisc netem 180: dev mv6.43 parent 190:1 limit 1000
+qdisc htb 230: dev mv6.45 root refcnt 2 r2q 10 default 1 direct_packets_stat 0
+qdisc netem 220: dev mv6.45 parent 230:1 limit 1000
+}}}
+Now if the ethernet card you want to change is mv6.43, you can find from following line: 
+{{{
+qdisc htb 190: dev mv6.43 root refcnt 2 r2q 10 default 1 direct_packets_stat 0
+qdisc netem 180: dev mv6.43 parent 190:1 limit 1000
+}}}
+As a result, you change the delay/loss by executing the following: 
+{{{
+sudo /sbin/tc -s qdisc change dev mv6.43 parent 190:1 handle 180: netem limit 1000 delay 100ms loss 5%
+sudo /sbin/tc -s qdisc change dev mv6.43 parent 190:1 handle 180: netem limit 1000
+}}}
+
+= Exercises =
+'''3.1 Comparison of Reno and CUBIC: [[BR]]'''
+ GENI nodes provide two TCP congestion control algorithms, CUBIC and Reno, that can be chosen at run-time. [[BR]]
+ The list of available algorithms are listed in the file ''/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_available_congestion control''. [[BR]]
+ The “Reno” congestion control provided by the Linux kernel is actually the [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3782 NewReno] algorithm, but we will refer to it as Reno here to be consistent with Linux terminology. [[BR]]
+ Note that congestion control actions are very similar between Reno and [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3782 NewReno], but [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3782 NewReno] has a more nuanced approach to loss recovery.. [[BR]]
+ These congestion control algorithms can be chosen by placing the keywords ''reno'' or ''cubic'' in the file ''/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control''. For example, to configure a host to use the Reno algorithm, use:
+{{{
+echo reno | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control
+}}}
+If you get a permission error on InstaGENI first run
+{{{
+sudo bash
+}}}
+
+ The tc command will then be used to set up network conditions for observation and testing. For example, if eth1 is the physical interface representing the link L on the Center node, the following command on the Center node will add a 200 ms delay to all packets leaving the interface:
+{{{
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc add dev eth1 root handle 1:0 netem delay 200ms
+}}}
+ Specific network setup commands will be provided as needed. [[BR]]
+ Run an Iperf server on the Left node.
+{{{
+/usr/local/etc/emulab/emulab-iperf -s 
+}}}
+ The Iperf client will be run on the Right node.
+{{{
+/usr/local/etc/emulab/emulab-iperf -c 10.10.1.1 -t 60
+}}}
+
+ Note that the IP address should be the IP of the left node and may be different from this example. The duration for an Iperf session (''-t'' option) is 60 seconds unless otherwise mentioned. Note carefully that some exercises require a much longer duration. Ensure that your sliver lifetimes are long enough to capture the duration of your experiment. All of the experiments should be repeated at least a 5 times (especially when the interfaces include random delays or losses) to ensure confidence in the results, as transient conditions can cause significant variations in any individual run.
+ 
+  1. Question: What are the throughputs as seen in iperf when the Reno and CUBIC algorithms are used on the network with no emulated delay or loss? Which is better?
+  2. Question: Qualitatively, under what conditions does BIC/CUBIC perform better than Reno’s AIMD?
+  3. Question: Change the delay to of interface L to 300 ms using the following command, and run an Iperf session for 1800 seconds.
+   {{{
+   sudo /sbin/tc qdisc add dev L root handle 1:0 netem limit 1000000000 delay 300ms
+   }}}
+    What are the goodputs of Reno and CUBIC? Which performed better? What do you conclude? 
+  4. Question: Repeat the above experiment with 30 parallel connections and 1800 seconds for each algorithm by using the ''-P 30'' option on Iperf. How do CUBIC and Reno differ? What do you conclude?
+  5. Question: Remove the netem queueing discipline which causes delay and add a loss of 5% by using the following commands on the center node. Replace L with the appropriate physical interface. Alternatively, one can change a queueing discipline instead of deleting and adding a new one. 
+   {{{
+   sudo /sbin/tc qdisc del dev L root
+   sudo /sbin/tc qdisc add dev L root handle 1:0 netem loss 5%
+   }}}
+   How do the goodputs of Reno and CUBIC differ under loss for 60 s Iperf sessions? [[BR]][[BR]]
+ - '''Some Hint/Guidance on how to run the experiments: ''' 
+ [[BR]]Use default TCP congestion control (cubic) on left and right, run iperf between them (TCP flow comes from right to left): [[BR]]
+ On left, run: 
+{{{
+/usr/local/etc/emulab/emulab-iperf -s 
+}}}
+ On right, run (10.10.1.1 is the ip address for left in our case, you need to find the actual IP address that is used by left in your own experiment):
+{{{
+/usr/local/etc/emulab/emulab-iperf -c 10.10.1.1 -t 60
+}}}
+ Let both left and right use reno as the TCP congestion control mechanism, repeat the experiments: 
+{{{
+echo reno | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control
+}}}
+
+'''3.2 Ensuring Fairness Among Flows [[BR]]'''
+ Restore the network state with the following command:
+{{{
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc del dev L root
+}}}
+ Run an Iperf client on the Right node with 10 parallel TCP connections (use the -P option), connecting to an Iperf server on the Left node for 60 seconds. Simultaneously, run a 20 Mbps UDP Iperf client on the Top node connecting to an UDP Iperf server session running on the Left node for 60 seconds.
+ - 1. Question: What are the throughput shown by the UDP and TCP Iperf server sessions? Why are they what they are?
+ - 2. Question: Provide the necessary steps and commands to enable queueing disciplines that enforce fairness among all the 11 flows in the network, and demonstrate that your solution is effective.
+
+'''3.3 Reordering [[BR]]'''
+ Delete the previous queuing discipline and use the following ''netem'' configuration on interface L to create an 100 ms delay:
+{{{
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc del dev L root
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc add dev L root handle 1:0 netem delay 100ms
+}}}
+ As before, run a TCP Iperf client on the Right node connecting an Iperf server on the Left for 60 seconds.
+ - 1. Question: What is the TCP goodput?
+ - 2. Question: Introduce packet reordering, adding a 75 ms delay variance to the interface L with the following command:
+ {{{
+ sudo /sbin/tc qdisc change dev L root handle 1:0 netem delay 100ms 75ms
+ }}}
+ What is the TCP goodput now?
+ - 3. Question: By tweaking the parameters in the file ''/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_reordering'', how much can the TCP goodput be improved? What is the best goodput you can show? Why is too high or two low value bad for TCP?
+
+'''3.4 Performance of SACK under Lossy Conditions'''
+ Using Cubic as the congestion avoidance algorithm, set the loss characteristics on interface L using the following commands:
+{{{
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc del dev L root
+sudo /sbin/tc qdisc add dev L root handle 1:0 netem loss 10%
+}}}
+ - 1. Question: What kind of goodput do you get using CUBIC with SACK (the default configuration)? Why do you see this performance?
+ - 2. Question: Disable SACK at the sender using this command:
+{{{
+echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp sack
+}}}
+  What is the goodput without SACK? In what circumstances is SACK most beneficial? Remember that, due to the random nature of loss events, these experiments must be repeated at least five times to draw any conclusions.
+
+'''3.5 An Experimental Congestion Avoidance module for Linux'''[[BR]]
+ Source code needed (to-be changed by you): [[BR]]
+ - [http://www.gpolab.bbn.com/experiment-support/TCPExampleExperiment/Makefile Makefile]
+ - [http://www.gpolab.bbn.com/experiment-support/TCPExampleExperiment/tcp_exp.c tcp_exp.c] [[BR]]
+ In this exercise, you will develop and evaluate a TCP congestion control module for the Linux kernel. Linux provides a pluggable interface for TCP congestion control, which allows named congestion control modules to manipulate its sending rate and reaction to congestion events. You have already used the reno and cubic modules, and in this exercise you will create one named exp. [[BR]]
+ Linux kernel modules must be compiled against kernel source that matches the kernel into which the module will be loaded. In order to prepare your ProtoGENI host for kernel module development, follow these steps:
+ 1. Comment out the line:
+ {{{
+ exclude=mkinitrd* kernel*
+ }}}
+ in the file ''/etc/yum.conf'', to allow yum to install kernel headers.
+ 2. Install the required packages with this command:
+ {{{
+ sudo yum install kernel-devel kernel-headers
+ }}}
+ 3. Fix up the kernel version in the installed headers to match the running kernel; this can be tricky, but these steps should handle it.
+  (a) Find your kernel sources. They are in ''/usr/src/kernel'', in a directory that depends on the installed version. As of the time this handout was created, that directory is ''2.6.27.41-170.2.117.fc10.i686''. We will call this directory ''$KERNELSRC''.
+  (b) Identify your running kernel version by running ''uname -r''. It will be something like ''2.6.27.5-117.emulab1.fc10.i686''. The first three dotted components (''2.6.27'', in this case) are the major, minor, and micro versions, respectively, and the remainder of the version string (''.5-117.emulab.fc10.i686'') is the extraversion. Note the extraversion of your kernel.
+  (c) In''$KERNELSRC/Makefile'',find the line beginning with ''EXTRAVERSION''. Replace its value with the extraversion of your kernel.
+  (d) Update the kernel header tree to this new version by running the command:
+{{{
+sudo make include/linux/utsrelease.h
+}}}
+  More details to handle version issues are provided at [http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/x380.html Building modules for a precompiled kernel]. [[BR]]
+ A Makefile for compiling the module and the source for a stub TCP congestion control module are included in [http://www.gpolab.bbn.com/experiment-support/TCPExampleExperiment/Makefile Makefile]. [[BR]]
+ The module is named tcp exp (for experimental TCP), and the congestion control algorithm is named exp. Comments in the provided source file explain the relationship between the various functions, and more information can be found in [http://lwn.net/Articles/128681/ Pluggable congestion avoidance modules]. [[BR]]
+ The compiled module (which is built with make and called ''tcp_exp.ko'') can be inserted into the kernel using ''insmod''. It can be removed using the command ''rmmod tcp_exp'' and reloaded with ''insmod'' if changes are required. [[BR]]
+ Once the module is complete and loaded into the kernel, the algorithm implemented by the module can be selected in the same manner that reno and cubic were selected in previous exercises, by placing the keyword exp in ''/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_congestion_control''.
+ 
+ '''3.5.1 Algorithm Requirements''' [[BR]]
+ The experimental congestion control module is based on Reno, but has the following modifications: [[BR]]
+  • It uses a Slow Start exponential factor of 3. Reno uses 2. [[BR]]
+  • It cuts ssthresh to 3 × !FlightSize/4 when entering loss recovery. Reno cuts to !FlightSize/2.
+
+ '''3.5.2 Hints [[BR]]'''
+ These hints and suggestions may help you get started. [[BR]]
+ • The existing congestion avoidance modules are a good start. See ''net/ipv4/tcpcong.c'' in the Linux source for the Linux Reno implementation.[[BR]]
+ • The file ''net/ipv4/tcp_input.c'' is a good place to learn how the congestion avoidance modules are used and invoked.[[BR]]
+ • [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5681 RFC 5681] specifies the Reno congestion control actions in detail, and may be helpful in understanding the kernel code.[[BR]]
+ • The Linux Cross Reference at ''http://lxr.linux.no/linux'' may be useful for navigating and understanding how the code fits together.[[BR]]
+ • If one of the hosts becomes unresponsive due to a bug in your congestion control module, you can restart the sliver to reboot it.[[BR]]
+ • [http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html. The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide] provides a good introduction to kernel module programming in general.[[BR]]
+
+ '''3.5.3 Evaluation [[BR]]'''
+ Once you have implemented the algorithm described above, answer the following questions:
+  - 1. Question: Discuss the impact of these algorithmic changes in the context of traditional Reno congestion control.
+  - 2. Question: Compare the convergence time and fairness of your algorithm with Reno and Cubic under (a) high delay (500 ms) and (2) high loss (5%) conditions. Use [https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CDkQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.cse.wustl.edu%2F~jain%2Fpapers%2Fftp%2Ffairness.pdf&ei=10-SUYGkPKvh4APIuYGIAQ&usg=AFQjCNHgCfUSby9WFtF5TJjpFSS3ncFw8Q&sig2=KxbbF8iM1IXC7peGZV-w3g&bvm=bv.46471029,d.dmg Jain’s fairness index], or some other quantitative measure of fairness, in your comparison.